Improvement in shuttle-bobbins



R. W. PORTER. Shuttle-Bobbin.

Patented April 23,1878.

Inventor: yaw yaw- ,40%;

PATENT OFFICE.

ROGER W. PORTER, OF NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IMPROVEMENT IN SHUTTLE-BOBBINS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.

202.664, dated April 23,1878; application filed March 19, 187?.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROGER W. PORTER, of Nashua, in the county ofHillsborough and State of New Hampshire, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Shuttle-Bobbins, which improvement is fully set forth inthe following specification and accompanying drawings, in which latter-Figure 1 is an elevation of one of my improved bobbins. Fig. 2 is avertical central section of the same as it appears with the yarn Woundupon it. Figs. 3, 4, 5 are modifications of the same. Figs. 6 and 7 areenlarged crosssections of the same, showing a single layer of yarn woundupon them. Figs.8,9,10,11,12, 13 represent bobbins of differentconstructions as they are now in use, and I have added them to theforegoing drawings for the purpose of comparison with my improvedbobbin. Y

The nature of my invention consists in a wooden-shuttle bobbin providedwith a shoulder on its lower end, by which it is held in place when inthe weaving-shuttle, and with a groove, in form of ascreW-thread,beginning at the terminus of the ordinary grooved conical enlargedportion of the bobbin, and terminating at the upper end of the stem ofthe bobbin, all in such a manner that the yarn for forming a cop of ashuttle-bobbin is wound in the spinning-frame upon the bobbin across thespiral grooves therein, and, when thus wound, has a constant abutmentpresented to it, which abutment prevents the cop becoming loose on thebobbin, and finally being knocked off from the same by the movements ofthe shuttle while the 'weavin g operation is going on; and, further, theunwinding yarn is guided off and prevented from hanging to the bobbin,the spiral groove serving to produce this effeet in the most perfectmanner, as the yarn follows its course unerringly.

In the drawings, A represents a shuttle-bobbin, Figs. 1 and 2,consisting of the stem 01, grooved conical enlarged portion 0, and ashoulder,d, on its lower end. The said shoulder at is grooved, and intothis grooved portion the end of a retainingspring is received when thebobbin is placed within the shuttle, for the purpose of holding thebobbin in place and preventing the bobbin from revolving upon thespindle of the shuttle. The shuttle-bobbin A has a spiral crease, B, oftriangular form, cut in and around its stem at, above the base orconical portion 0. The corner I) of the said crease is slightly rounded,as more plainly shown in Fig. 6, and the corner b is more abrupt, andneed not be rounded.

In Fig. 3 the spiral crease B is of V shape, which will do Well when theyarn wound upon it is of less thickness.

The spiral crease B (shown in Fig. 4) is of rounded shape, and may bemade very shallow, as seen in the enlarged section, Fig. 7.

The shape of the spiral crease l) in Fig. 5 is trapezoidal and veryshallow; and it may be made very broad, to suit coarser or thicker yarn.The said crease represents a left screwthread, and the yarn is woundthereon in a left-hand direction.

In Figs. 6and 7 the yarn C is shown stretched across the creases B B Theedge b of the respective creases above described serves as anuninterrupted abutment to the straight part of the first layer of yarn,whereby it is prevented from slipping off the bobbin. The length of theabutment thus secured is ordinarily four or five times that of thelength of the bobbin, which is sufiicient to cause the yarnbobbin toadhere to the wood bobbin as though they were one solid body.

In Figs. 8 and 9 bobbins are shown with parallel annular grooves, whichare objectionable, for the following reasons: The equal tension of theyarn is interrupted, and thereby the body of the yarn becomes somewhatloose near the said annular grooves. and liable to disarrangement of thedifferent layers, and finally to be knocked off the bobbin, and inunwinding the yarn is continually chafing against the corners of thesaid grooves, which often causes its breakage, while in my improvedbobbin the yarn is wound up in the same direction that the spiral creaseruns, and consequently, when unwound, follows the crease and is guidedby it to the end of the bobbin.

The same objections exist against the bobbins shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12,13; and, besides this, those made with annular grooves are weakenedconsiderably, while a spiral groove causes only a very small reductionof sectional area, as seen in Figs. 6 and 7, and therefore does notmaterially, if at all, weaken the bobbin. In Figs. 10, 11, and 12 thebobbins are made with annular swells, with a view of avoiding theweakening of the bobbins; but these are objectionable, on account of thedisturbance of the equal tension of the yarn, as previously described.

The bobbins shown by Figs. 12 and 13 are also objectionable, because thetension of the wound-up yarn is unequal, and the yarn-bobbin is notproperly secured to the wood bobbin in consequence thereof. As the shapeof the wound-up yarn is at every section of the bobbin the same, so isthe tension the same and under these circumstances a disarrangement ofthe yarnlayers, and a consequent loosening of the yarn-bobbin, isimpossible.

It might be practicable to make a series of separated spiral groovesalong the bobbin-stem, and thereby in a measure efiect the resultproduced by the continuous groove 0r crease.

To sum up the advantages of my improved bobbin over the bobbins knownand used at present, they are the following: First, my improved bobbinis stronger than that with annular grooves, which latter is reduced allaround, while mine has solid wood opposite the cut; second,my improvedbobbin allows the yarn to be wound up with even or equal tension, whichcannot be done with the other bobbins exhibited in the drawing; third,the

spiral crease gives the unwinding yarn a lead and guides it ofi thebobbin, which has not been done by any other bobbin yet. The yarn is,therefore, not subject to breakage from chafing against the corners ofthe crease; fourth, the hold upon the yarn is equal and continuous, asat every revolution around the bobbin the yarn must cross theretainingcrease.

I am aware that a spirally-corrugated coptube is shown in the Englishpatents numbered, respectively, 512 and 899, and dated, respectively,1861 and 1859; but a cop-tube is not a bobbin-spindle. A cop-tube is asmall tube which is placed upon the mule-spindles to build upon, and itspurpose is to remain in the bottom of the cop to keep the hole perfect,so that the spindles in the shuttle can be inserted into it. Withoutthis tube the cop would become so snarled by handling that it could notbe put upon the spindle, and would have to be thrown away into thewaste-basket. These cop-tubes were formerly made of metal, ard weresometimes fluted or corrugated to prevent them from dropping out. Theyare now almost entirely made of paper, being cheaper thus made, and notinjured by stepping on them. The metallic cop-tubes would easily getbent, and it was a trouble and expense to straighten them. The copswhich I am speaking of are spun upon mules, and to this kind of spinningonly are cop tubes adapted. Bobbins, such as I have described and shown,are used upon spinning-frames, and are placed upon the spindles, and theyarn is spun upon them, remains upon them, and the respective bobbinsare placed in the shuttle and there woven off. My improvement is merelya spiral crease or groove around the bobbin to prevent the yarn beingknocked off while the shuttle is in motion, and I think I have theadvantage over concentric-creased bobbins, inasmuch as the spiral creasewill assist rather than retard the yarn in weaving o I do not claimcop-tubes corrugated spirally or in any manner; nor do I claim asheetmetal cop-tube closed at its top and strengthened by wire woundspirally upon it, as in the patent of Essex, granted in 1876; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The within-described shuttle-bobbin, having the spiral groove out in itsperiphery, for the purpose of securing the cop against longitudinalmovement and determining the lay or direction of the cotton or yarn asit passes off from the bobbin, and also having the grooved shoulder atits lower end, by which, in conj unction with the ordinarylatching-spring of the shuttle, the bobbin can be fastened in theshuttle and prevented from turning while the shuttle is moved back andforth and the yarn or cotton unwound, all as described.

Witness my hand in the matter of my application for a patent for animproved bobbin this 16th day of March, 1877.

ROGER W. PORTER. Witnesses:

E. H. PARMENER, FREDERIC KELSEY.

